MASJID AL-HARAM
The Great Mosque of Mecca (Masjid al-Ḥarām) is the
largest mosque in the world and surrounds Islam's holiest place,
the Kaaba, in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Muslims face
in the Qibla (direction of the Kaaba) while
performing Salat (obligatory daily prayers). One of the Five
Pillars of Islam requires every Muslim to perform
the Hajj pilgrimage, one of the largest annual gatherings of people
in the world, at least once in his or her lifetime if able to do so,
including Tawaf (circumambulation) of the Kaaba.
The
current structure covers an area of 356,800 square metres (88.2 acres)
including the outdoor and indoor praying spaces and is open at all times.
Ottomans
In 1570, Sultan Selim II
commissioned the chief architect Mimar Sinan to renovate the mosque. This
renovation resulted in the replacement of the flat roof with domes decorated
with calligraphy internally, and the placement of new support columns which are
acknowledged as the earliest architectural features of the present mosque.
These features are the oldest surviving parts of the building.
During heavy rains and flash
floods in 1621 and 1629, the walls of the Kaaba and the mosque suffered
extensive damage. In 1629,
during the resign
of
Sultan Murad IV, the Kaaba was rebuilt with stones from Mecca and the mosque
was renovated. In the renovation of the mosque, a new stone arcade was added,
three more minarets (bringing the total to 7) were built, and the marble
flooring.
Saudis
The first major renovation under
the Saudi kings was done between 1955 and 1973. In this renovation, four more
minarets were added, the ceiling was refurnished, and the floor was replaced
with artificial stone and marble. During this renovation many of the historical
features built by the Ottomans, particularly the support columns, were
demolished.
The second Saudi renovations under
King Fahd, added a new wing and an outdoor prayer area to the mosque. The new
wing, which is also for prayers, is accessed through the King Fahd Gate. This
extension was performed between 1982 and 1988.
The third Saudi extension
(1988–2005) was
the
building of more minarets, the erecting of a King's residence overlooking the
mosque and more prayer area in and around the mosque itself. These developments
have taken place simultaneously with those in Arafat, Mina and Muzdalifah. This
third extension has also resulted in 18 more gates, three domes corresponding
in position to each gate and the installation of nearly 500 marble columns.
Other modern developments include the addition of heated floors, air
conditioning, escalators and a drainage system.
Current
expansion project
In 2007,
the mosque underwent a fourth extension project which is estimated to last
until 2020. King Abdullah Ibn Abdul aziz planned to increase the mosque's
capacity to 2 million,
although
the King died in 2015, his successor, King Salman, is likely to continue
renovations.
Northern expansion
of the mosque began in August 2011 and was expected to be completed in one and
a half years. The area of the mosque will be expanded from the current 356,000
m2 (3,830,000 sq ft) to 400,000 m2 (4,300,000 sq ft). The cost of the project
is $10.6 billion.
Terjemahan
Masjid
Agung Mekah (Masjid al-Haram) merupakan masjid terbesar di dunia
dan mengelilingi tempat suci Islam, yaitu Ka'bah, di kota Mekkah, Arab
Saudi. Muslim menghadap kiblat (arah Ka'bah) saat melakukan
Salat (shalat wajib). Salah satu Rukun Islam mewajibkan setiap muslim untuk
melakukan ibadah haji, salah satu pertemuan tahunan terbesar orang di dunia,
setidaknya sekali dalam seumur hidup nya jika mampu melakukannya, termasuk
Tawaf Ka'bah.
Struktur masjid saat ini mencakup area seluas
356.800 meter persegi (88,2 acres) termasuk ruang berdoa outdoor (luar ruangan) dan indoor (dalam ruangan) dan terbuka setiap saat.
Ottoman
Pada tahun 1570, Sultan Selim II menugaskan kepala arsitek Mimar Sinan untuk merenovasi masjid. Renovasi ini menghasilkan penggantian atap datar dengan kubah dihiasi dengan kaligrafi internal, dan penempatan kolom dukungan baru yang diakui sebagai fitur arsitektur awal masjid ini. Fitur-fitur ini adalah bagian tertua dari bangunan.
Selama hujan lebat dan banjir bandang pada tahun 1621 dan 1629, dinding Ka'bah dan masjid mengalami kerusakan yang cukup luas. Pada tahun 1629, pada masa pemerintahan Sultan Murad IV, Ka'bah dibangun kembali dengan batu dari Mekah dan masjid ini direnovasi. Dalam renovasi masjid, gang beratap batu baru ditambahkan, tiga menara lebih (sehingga total menjadi 7) dibangun, dan lantai dari marmer.
Saudi
Renovasi yang besar pertama di bawah raja-raja Saudi itu dilakukan antara tahun 1955 dan 1973. Dalam renovasi ini, empat menara yang ditambahkan, langit-langit diperbarui, dan lantai diganti dengan batu buatan dan marmer. Selama renovasi ini banyak fitur bersejarah yang dibangun oleh Dinasti Utsmani, terutama kolom dukungan, dihancurkan.
Saudi
merenovasi yang kedua kalinya di bawah Raja Fahd, menambahkan sayap baru dan daerah doa dari luar ke masjid. Sayap baru, yang juga untuk shalat, dapat diakses melalui gerbang Raja Fahd. Perluasan ini dilakukan antara tahun 1982 dan 1988.
Perluasan Saudi yang ketiga (1988-2005) itu bangunan lebih banyak menara, yang mendirikan tempat tinggal Raja menghadap masjid dan daerah doa lebih kedalam di sekitar masjid itu sendiri. Perkembangan ini terjadi bersamaan dengan orang-orang di Arafah, Mina dan Muzdalifah. Perluasan ketiga ini juga memunculkan 18 gerbang lebih, tiga kubah yang sesuai dalam posisi untuk setiap gerbang dan instalasi hampir 500 kolom marmer. Perkembangan modern lainnya termasuk penambahan lantai- lantai yang dipanaskan, AC, eskalator dan sistem drainase.
Proyek
perluasan saat ini
Pada tahun 2007, masjid ini mengalami sebuah proyek perluasan keempat yang diperkirakan berlangsung hingga 2020. Raja Abdullah Ibn Abdul aziz berencana meningkatkan kapasitas masjid menjadi 2 juta, meskipun Raja meninggal pada tahun 2015, penggantinya, Raja Salman, kemungkinan renovasi akan berlanjut.
Perluasan di utara dimulai pada Agustus 2011 dan diharapkan akan selesai dalam waktu satu setengah tahun. Luas akan diperluas dari saat ini 356.000 m2 (3.830.000 sq ft) menjadi 400.000 m2 (4.300.000 sq ft). Biaya proyek ini adalah $10.6 miliyar.
Nominal
Sentence
One
of the Five Pillars of Islam requires every Muslim to perform
the Hajj pilgrimage, one of the largest annual gatherings of people
in the world, at least once in his or her lifetime if able to do so,
including Tawaf (circumambulation) of the Kaaba
Verbal
Sentence
uDuring
heavy rains and flash floods in 1621 and 1629, the walls of the Kaaba and the mosque suffered extensive damage.
uDuring
this renovation many of the
historical features built by the Ottomans, particularly the
support columns, were demolished.
uThis
third extension has also resulted in 18 more gates, three domes corresponding in
position to each gate and the
installation of nearly 500 marble columns.
Tense
Simple
Past Tense
uKing Abdullah Ibn Abdul aziz planned to increase the
mosque's
S V2 O
capacity to 2
million.
PASSIVE
AND ACTIVE
uPASSIVE : the Kaaba was rebuilt with stones from Mecca.
uACTIVE
: Mecca
rebuilt the kaaba with stones.
5W+1H
1. Who will be commissioned by sultan selim ii for the renovation of the
mosque in 1570?
Answer : the chief architect Mimar Sinan.
2. What is
gained in the first renovation undert.aken by the kings of Arabia?
Answer
: In this renovation, four more
minarets were added, the ceiling was refurnished, and the floor was
replaced with artificial stone and marble.
3. where
is
location of haram Mosque?
Answer : Haram
Mosque is located in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
4. When
is the second renovation under King
fahd?
Answer : This
extension was performed between 1982 and 1988
5. Why
was in
1629 occurred a serious renovation under the rule of Sultan Murad
IV?
Answer : Because
During
heavy rains and flash floods in 1621 and 1629, the walls of the Kaaba and the mosque suffered extensive damage.
6. How
was the plan of saudi fourth expansion after king Abdullah Ibn
Abdul Aziz
died?
Answer
: The possibility of the renovation will continue, and next by his successor, king
salman.
